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Prometheus 6

All respect and no restraint

Orlando Patterson blames Black people for segregation

I kid you not. It's another one of those TimesSelect pieces, titled The Last Race Problem, and all I can say is, the boy done sold all the way out.

So why does segregation persist? The evidence seems clear that, in sharp contrast with the past, the major cause is that blacks generally prefer to live in neighborhoods that are at least 40 percent black. Blacks mention ethnic pride and white hostility as their main reasons for not moving to white neighborhoods. But studies like Mary Pattillo-McCoy’s ethnography of middle-class black ghettos show that the disadvantages, especially for youth, far outweigh the psychic gains.

It would be naïve to discount persisting white racism, but other minorities, like Jews, have faced a similar dilemma and opted, with good reasons, for integration. The Jewish-American experience also shows that identity and integration are not incompatible, and that when the middle class moves, others follow. If America is ever to solve the second part of DuBois’s color problem, it will be on the shoulders of the black middle class.

Orlando bases this on a white paper written by William Easterly, foreign aid specialist and economist for the World Bank.

The celebrated tipping-point theory of Thomas Schelling, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has long appeared to offer a pessimistic answer to the puzzle. It holds that even where a majority of whites favor having black neighbors, the all-white preference of just a few will always rapidly escalate into total segregation.

However, the economist William Easterly, after examining data on segregation over the past three decades, has demonstrated conclusively that Schelling’s theory is groundless in regard to race. In the vast majority of neighborhoods studied, Easterly found no pattern of acceleration of white decline, no evidence of a sudden, extreme exodus at the fabled tipping point, but instead a steady, almost constant decline in the proportion of whites from one decade to the next. Moreover, the typical neighborhoods that did change from being predominantly white to predominantly black in this period still had a significant proportion of whites living in them.

So instead of white flight we have white "walking real fast." Except we HAVE seen white flight. We've seen racial covenants. We've seen redlining. And the paper by Thomas Schelling Mr. Easterly attempts to debunk was written in 1971...still in the middle of desegregation battles, busing wars and blockbusting. You know what blockbusting was, right? It's when you go into an all white neighborhood and tell some guy a Black family is moving in and offer stupid money for his house. Then you move in a Black family and buy all the rest of the houses on the cheap (and sell them at inflated prices).

In 1971, white flight was in full effect, and it wasn't cut off like a water spigot. This is documented history...as is the fact that housing costs Black folks more, even when the sale price is the same. So page 9 of the white paper Orlando based his article makes it obvious he has his own preconceptions.

Note that Schelling’s basic model assumes the outcome is entirely driven by whites’ preferences. This assumption is debatable (and perhaps even offensive), but it reflects the traditional view of neighborhood segregation as mainly driven by whites’ behavior. It could be justified by saying that whites have stronger preferences about getting their preferred racial composition than nonwhites, and hence will pay more to live in their preferred neighborhood (note that the basic Schelling model does not have any role for housing prices).

And if that didn't clarify it, on page 13, Easterly talks of "racial scare-mongering."

It is interesting to relate this to some of the rhetoric about segregation. The folklore of the tipping point has historically been linked to racist justifications for segregation. If even a comparatively small number of nonwhites move into a neighborhood, with whom the majority of whites are perfectly content to coexist, there is a risk from the point of view of whites that the neighborhood will tip over to a nonwhite majority neighborhood that whites find unacceptable. Hence, whites acting collectively have historically resisted even modest integration of residential neighborhoods.

Although the tipping point idea is linked historically to racial scare-mongering, Schelling’s contribution actually gives quite a different perspective on racial segregation. The point of Schelling’s model was that only the strategic interdependence of weak preferences for living next to people of the same race could lead to an outcome of almost total segregation. This contrasts with the view that segregation reflects whites having a very strong preference for having white neighbors. Hence a test of Schelling’s model is a test of whether residential segregation simply reflects the instability of strategic interaction.

In the context of scare-mongering, again note that Schelling’s model did not have any role for expectations about future neighborhood composition. This may make sense if the individual does not have enough information to see the whole dynamic system. Otherwise, we could get even more extreme tipping from white to black as individuals react to the expected future composition of the neighborhood – there could be “racial panics” as whites suddenly fear being in the minority in their neighborhood at some future date.

...and we know the last paragraph is exactly what happened in Harlem. And we know they burned down a number of successful Black settlements.

Orlando's swoon over the smooth curve indicating a constant reduction of integration is STILL proof white folks are bouncing because social mobility for Black folks has never been what it is for white folks...that's why we have all these sub-prime loans out there. Makes me wonder if Easterly put this bit in accidentally.

What is important for the test of the tipping hypothesis over this period is that the most “white flight” happened in neighborhoods with high initial white shares, contrary to the tipping prediction of accelerating white flight out of mixed neighborhoods.

...since it implies white flight took place in majority white neighborhoods as soon as Black folks showed up at all...the exact opposite of what Orlando is trying to convince you of. Maybe he can't find white flight because they all flew already.

Professor Easterly in deep ignorance or denial of all those physical facts, whips up a formula, compare the predictions his THEORY makes to the predictions Schelling might have made using the theory he developed by reviewing pre-Modern Civil Rights era data...

And Orlando eats that shit up like candy.

What the fuck is on his mind?

Oh. Getting paid. That's right.

Ignore this idiot people, and keep speaking the truth. That's what has so many folk like him, McWhorter, Zahn and Taylor sounding so stupid. Or maybe don't ignore him. Sooner or later he's going to fuck up like McWhorter did and tell a documentable lie...and there enough of us out here that he can get caught.

Sellout #%$)(#^#@$!

Dumfounded

I had to read Dr. Patterson's piece several times to make sure that what I thought he was saying was what he was saying. I know a professor at Bryn Mawr, for example, who has done several mobility studies regarding the preferences of African American, Hispanic and Asian homebuyers. In all of the studies she has done African Americans have exhibited a greater willingness to purchase homes at a greater distance from their old neighborhoods than have Hispanics and Asians. 

Orlando has got me back on

Orlando has got me back on my original mission: to make sure no one can freely lie to, on or about Black folks.

Your Original Mission

In the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave this is a 24/7 mission. 

Pretty insane piece by

Pretty insane piece by Patterson. But what would one expect from this icon of  "paid" but truly irrelevant thinkers in our mist. His pieces are written more as an appeasement for 'them' than it is for 'us'. BTW, check out Bob Herbert's piece today in the NYT 1/1/07. This "paid thinker" gets it right on soooo many issues afflicting our people. The only problem is that he's a minority in the "paid thinkers" clique that has something truly relevant to say with his highly accessible analysis and critques.

Patterson in context...

I've been reading Patterson's work for decades. Yes, he's dead wrong, but it's important to take his assertions in context.  Like many other British-trained black historians (either Caribbean, from the Empire itself, or schooled within the Colonial system), Patterson simply can't make the jump from Continental and colonial  racism to American racism.  This problem is also evident in the work even of more liberal scholars like Paul Gilroy.  Very few manage to be exceptions (Stuart Hall is one) who are able (or who take the time) to grasp the contextual differences between being black in Britain and the Empire/ex-colonies and being black in the U.S. 

What historians like Patternson either simply don't understand or adamantly refuse to recognize is the importance of the "one-drop rule" and the color line in the U.S.  Given the "peculiar institution" of slavery in the United States, there was a necessity -- a compulsion -- on the part of whites to draw a distinct and apparently uncrossable line between being white and being... anything else.  The entire political and economic structure of the pre-Civil War  U.S. would have been destabilized by any de jure recognition of gradations of being "colored," any "slippery slope" of granting rights to black Americans. Though there was and is de facto color stratification within the black community, this is largely invisible to whites to this day.

The completely arbitrary but ruthlessly enforced boundary between white/other is the key to understanding race in the U.S., and most British scholars (whether they are black or white) are simply not equipped to make the analysis. Instead, they act as if Continental assumptions about race were in place in the U.S.

Thus, Patterson winds up making judgments based on his own assumptions about what U.S. blacks are thinking -- dismissing the continued restrictions that are (de facto and sometimes de jure) in place to prevent black Americans from "moving up" like other groups of "immigrants" (as if black Americans were mostly "immigrants"!), ranging from red-lining by banks (and internet service providers), to "homeowner's associations", to job discrimination,  to gerrymandering voting districts, and so on.

 Patterson is not a friend of white right-wingers in the U.S., but his work easily lends itself to exploitation by those people. He may or may not realize that the reason that conservative venues like to publish his work is because it support their distinctly American-flavor racist assumptions, rather than because what he is saying is correct.  Successful British-schooled academic that he is, Patterson is distinctly classist (this comes through in all his work, over the last three decades) and it is probably easy for him to presume that the blacks who are disproportionately  represented in America's lower- and under-classes are somehow personally and communally responsible for their fate, rather than the victims of a system so oppressive that all but a very lucky and talented few can "rise out of it" without assistance. He may not realize how closely his classism dovetails with the interests of white supremacy.  But he's smart enough understand this, if he chooses.

 None of this, of course, is an excuse for Patterson's very public and insistent wrong-headedness.  But context is always important. And it's no accident he's found a home at Harvard, where classism is a way of life.  One many levels there isn't much difference between Skip Gates' take on poor black Americans and Patterson's.  Skip just wishes he was educated in Britain.  That's why he talks with that affected accent and adopted that cane well before he ever had a limp....

DAMN! Very astute

DAMN! Very astute obervations and analysis of what I consider to be probably one of the most vexing problems afflicting some Black intellectuals, the seeming enabling of anti-Black and Darwinian socioeconomic policies and the like. BTW, all things being equal, Darwinian ideas/observations, in light of current biologic dogma seems not so  farfetched. But that is where I draw the line. Because for most Black Americans, in most, or, at least insignificant aspects of our lives all things are not equal. And are in fact induced artificially by man and not nature.   But then again, I'm also mindful of the seeming willful cultural blindedness that afflicts the works of scholars like Patterson that give Blacks the short shrift in probing deeply, and objectively, in the historical context of our particular American narrative but are offered up these high perched position to distort and confuse. They, in a way, are just, as cogs in the wheel of Black domination and, therefore, are as critical in the hindrance of full citizenship for Black Americans and the asssociated priviledges intertwined with being an American. Nice. 

This is very informative

This is very informative analysis.  Ktal....  I would be interested to hear how you think Patterson compares to black intellectuals and scholars like Eric Williams and Frantz Fanon who hailed from other European empires.  Would you say that classism was present in their views of race, and if so how does it differ from British-style or North American-style classism?   

Thing is, Patterson is a

Thing is, Patterson is a sociologist, not an historian. That means he can make ahistorical analyses with a clear conscience.

But he's smart enough understand this, if he chooses.

The other thing is, these most recent op-eds of his are straight bullshit. Not scholarly, I know, but concise...and if he can say crap like this with a straight face (I assume he wasn't laughing his ass off as he wrote) he deserves little better than dismissal as a serious commentator. 

P6, A Happy and Prosperous

P6, A Happy and Prosperous New Year to You!  Your point that commentators like Patterson not be dismissed is well taken.  But the point is is that  the arguments that they are parroting are not original in that they, seemingly, blame Blacks themselves for their misfortune, to a significant degree, it seems, is not helpful at all, in my view. There is nothing in the observations they project that is newly insightful nor motivational in and of itself, especially without the 'proper' context of circumstances or events that would lead to socioeconomic fragility of the Black community in the first place.  That is, if a 'truly' contextual analysis was performed then this might then would lead to, perhaps, a less burdened response by the dominant culture and lead to the resultant remediation measures required to facilitate relief, of sorts, for this distressed group in those aspects of life that's taken for granted by those not so afflicted. It just seems to be a fairer way to get things done for all parties involved. So the idea that he is, or is not, a "serious commentator," for me, is not under contention. The question is, who is he seriously commentating for, and for what agenda or purpose? And, how does it, his poisonous commentaries, in effect, impact upon the Black American community? And if it does, in what aspect?   BTW, what persons of Patterson's ilk has is akin to the sometimes transient affliction known as selective "Stockholm Syndrome." Check it out!  God or bad, depending on your persuasion, it's epidemic. (Hmmmmmm?!  Since reading Patterson's piece today in the NYT, now, in a funny way, I'm somewhat reassured. His comments today addressed the tourism dynamics in some parts of the Caribbean today. They were congent and thoughtful.) So he is a Nationalist, in his peculiar Jamaican way. 

The question is, who is he


The question is, who is he seriously commentating for, and for what agenda or purpose?

I'll just kick it to the curb. 

  Yeah Okay. But

  Yeah Okay. But Patterson's piece in today's NY Times clarifies so much for me in the questions I raised above concerning the ideological underpinnings for the interpretation of observations made of some aspects of Black American culture and life.   First, and foremost, it is clear to me that most folks, especially nonwhites, in my experience and observations, truly pimp off of the struggles and triumphs of the descendants of American Blacks of plantation origins, it seems to me, writing as one of those descendants.   Notwithstanding the notable works of Garvey, CLR James, Carlos Cooks and many others, too numerous to name, it seeems the ones with the highest perch, at this point, are those who easily vilify us, seemingly, without a real contextual input. Perhaps it is deliberate. Perhaps it is not. To me, it's like walking in circles. Its wasteful and breeds contempt.   Or, for example, it is akin to the thesis in the movie "The First Date" with Adam Sandler and the Barrymore girl. In it, her longterm memory is soooo bad, that each date with Sandler is like a first date.    Finally, what Patterson's piece critically reflects for me is that one's nationalism is classless, in a real sense. He may reflect one particular political dynamic towards American Blacks while here. But in his deeper being he has a love or caring for his Jamaica that would inspire him to write this instructive piece  for his countrymen. And I say right on!   So why give us so much hell Orlando?

First of all, it's not

First of all, it's not limited to Orlando. It's nothing so personal as that.

Constant rhetorical attack keeps Black folk in fight-or-flight mode. Damages the body and impairs the judgment. If folks understand there's legitimate responses to them, can see the responses made successfully it is helpful to them. Even if they can't make the argument themselves, simply knowing the attack is invalid helps.

This is not theory. It's an observation on my part, and there's actually some social science supporting it.

It is clear that it is not

It is clear that it is not limited to Orlando. There's plethora of both native born haters who fit into this mode of thinking towards Blacks too.

I just feel attacks on us by these folks with these invalid arguments give succor and cover to folks who really don't want us around anymore.

Yes it does. That why they

Yes it does. That why they pay the gentlemen to write such articles.

It damage Black folk to the degree we believe them, and we accept too much of the mainstream analysis of things to just ignore them. They need to be responded to dispassionately.

But it "poisons the well" regardless.

Or

these intellectuals are simply dishonest frauds (not impaired by a conceptual difference) committed to looking at the success of immigrants who've traveled afar - and equally committed to ignoring poverty, dependence and wretchedness at home. it could be that phukkin' simple. if these phake phuks went home once in a while, they wouldn't have time to write this shit...they'd be too busy trying to get lights and hot water and a decent phukkin' road in the countryside. but, nah, these cats wanna holla about empirical this and empirical that and separation this and white folks that...ain't no rocket science here...just muhphukkas on the move incapable of reclaiming their own homeland talking shit on a visa. shut the phukkk up and keep it movin. patterson, willis, etc.

by the way...i can't always favor a dispassionate response...because these folks often have personal axes to grind which will not be revealed unless there is some fire.

ubstu's question up thread re: Eric Williams and Frantz Fanon is particularly instructive because their approach to these questions puts the onus of scholarship and work on the shoulders of Patterson and others of his ilk. This is not a question of "willful residential segregation." I mean the very idea of quoting a decontextualized 30-year article is an indication of some mental or moral dysfunction. The man cannot be deemed to be healthy or right in any meaningful way...and getting him right or out of sight may require some passion. At this juncture, it may be too late to reconcile him to his youth and his feelings of hurt and rejection (or pseudo-superiority) which took shape in his formative years. Nonetheless, a trip home would do him some good.

by the way...i can't always


by the way...i can't always favor a dispassionate response

You'll note I don't always give one. The the core of the response has to be crafted dispassionately so middle-class folks will feel comfortable sharing it. But I'm not above wearing an iron glove.

True, true

you do know how to get down on both sides of the aisle

Did anyone read Patterson's

Did anyone read Patterson's NY Times editorial a couple of days ago about tourism to the Caribbean?  What can be said about his views of class that were on display in this editorial?      

Temple 3 your comments are

Temple 3 your comments are on point. Thanks!

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